Explain the core function of the Present Simple tense. Focus on expressing habits, routines, facts, and general truths. Provide examples illustrating each use case. Describe the sentence structure (subject + base form of the verb, or subject + s/es for third-person singular). Mention frequency adverbs (always, usually, often, sometimes, never) and their placement in sentences.

Detail how to form questions in the Present Simple using 'do' and 'does'. Explain the inversion of subject and auxiliary verb. Include examples of both yes/no questions and questions with 'wh-' words (who, what, where, when, why, how). Highlight common errors students make and how to avoid them. Practice examples for different persons.

Introduce the Present Continuous tense, emphasizing its use for actions happening right now, temporary situations, and actions around the moment of speaking. Explain the formation (am/is/are + verb-ing). Give clear examples showing ongoing actions, current projects or plans and provide examples for each.

Explain how to form questions in the Present Continuous. Detail the subject-auxiliary verb inversion with 'am/is/are'. Include examples of questions with 'wh-' words. Compare question formation to Present Simple questions and note the differences. Give examples for all persons and practice questions.

Clearly contrast the use of Present Simple for habits and routines with Present Continuous for actions happening at the moment of speaking. Provide side-by-side examples illustrating this difference. Explain how context determines the correct tense. Give situations when both are possible and explain when to use each.

Introduce the concept of state verbs (e.g., know, believe, understand, love, hate) which are generally *not* used in continuous tenses. Explain why this is the case (they describe states rather than actions). Provide a list of common state verbs and examples of correct usage. Discuss exceptions and specific instances.

List and explain common signal words that indicate the use of the Present Simple tense. This includes frequency adverbs (always, usually, often, sometimes, never), expressions of habitual actions (every day, on Mondays, etc.), and words indicating general truths. Explain how to identify these cues in texts.

List and explain common signal words that indicate the use of the Present Continuous tense. This includes 'now', 'right now', 'at the moment', 'today', 'this week', and short-term time expressions. Explain how these words signal actions in progress. Give examples in different contexts.

Address common errors students make when using these tenses, such as using the Present Continuous with state verbs or forgetting to add 's/es' to the verb in the third-person singular present simple. Give clear explanations of why these mistakes occur and how to correct them. Give examples of before and after corrected sentences.

Include a variety of practice exercises – gap-fill, sentence transformation, error correction, and short writing prompts – that require students to apply their understanding of Present Simple and Present Continuous in different contexts. Provide an answer key for self-checking. Encourage peer review and feedback. Vary the exercise types.