This report delves into the core tenets of Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, exploring its impact on developmental psychology and education. The study examines Vygotsky's key concepts, including the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), scaffolding, and the role of social interaction in learning. We also analyze how his ideas have influenced modern pedagogical practices and contributed to a deeper understanding of cognitive development. Furthermore, the report will provide practical examples of how Vygotsky's theories are applied in both educational and therapeutic settings.